Ryner Lai, MBBS

All articles by Ryner Lai, MBBS

• Understanding PBC: What are bile ducts?

  The bile ducts are small tubes that transport bile from the liver to the intestine.

• Patients with PBC have higher risk of esophageal varices and colon polyps

  Patients with PBC should undergo endoscopic assessments to rule out hidden diseases.

• Study explores role of vitamin D3 in alleviating PBC symptoms

  Vitamin D3 can modulate the immune response to alleviate disease severity in PBC.

• New research explores how itching in PBC impacts quality of life

  Severe pruritus can leave a highly negative impact on patient mental and emotional well-being over time.

• Review supports early individualized care for PBC

  Second-line therapies in PBC can change the lives of patients for the better if they provide adequate symptomatic control.

• When to seek a second opinion after a PBC diagnosis

  It is always your right to seek a second medical opinion.

• Men with PBC more likely to have advanced disease and less likely to receive care

  Male patients with PBC were more likely than female patients to have advanced disease, yet were less likely to receive care.

• Can PBC cause osteoporosis?

  Chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency and more can lead to osteoporosis in people with PBC.

• Itching in PBC likely underrecognized and undertreated

  Studies continue to show that pruritus in PBC is undertreated, with only an estimated one-fifth of all patients receiving treatment.

• How to store your medications for PBC

  Always check the storage instructions that come in a leaflet with your medication.